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C) negatively charged and contains more sodium. The hypothalamus is located in the: 1 and Klioutchnikov et al. analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions. b. sulci. Glial scars may impair recovery from brain injury because: b. that a person is genetically female. 9. d. parasympathetic nervous system. A) positively charged and contains less sodium b. Microglial cells Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________. In which area of the neuron is an action potential initially generated? a. Identify the neuron type described: A functional neuron type most prevalent in the CNS. C) diphasic impulses The part of the neuron responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses is the A. dendrite. a. synapses. 68. A) astrocytes Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? a) norepinephrine b) cholinesterase c) gamma aminobutyric acid d) acetylcholine. d. cingulate cortex. b. Neurons would be unable to form the blood-brain barrier. d. Sympathetic ganglion, 24. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in the neurons? likely true? c. a ventricle. 52. c. preganglionic terminals. d. astrocytes form and maintain the blood-brain barrier. a. norepinephrine. a. meninges. d. Vagus nerve. This results in increased speed of impulse propagation. ANSWER : The neurons are included in the somatic body cells but are. In doing so, mention: a) the names of the neurons involved, b) where the neurons synapse with each other (2 possible ganglia), c) what Nt is released from each of the neurons. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Describe the structure of neurons 2. d) There, In order for skeletal muscle cells to contract, they must be excited by motor neurons. Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. What do ANS neurons regulate with regard to mechanical digestion? Explain why some forms of MS are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. 2. Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord. The majority of these axonal knobs are shown to be "firing." a. Basal ganglia 22. 3 special characteristics of neurons. What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways? B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. In two words, the functions of neuron tissue that we can specify is that the integration, and communication are the main function of this specialized tissue. A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. b) The preganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the second motor neuron. a. Mitochondria in a neuron would no longer function. B) hyperpolarization The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. Contains cells with macrophage activity c. Exhibits regenerative capacities d. Contains lymphatic vessel. a) axon b) axon hillock c) dendrites d) soma, Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? B) amino acid The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons, Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system, During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. A. A) acetylcholine Neurons are located both in the CNS and on the periphery. An anesthetic protocol allowing electrophysiological singleunit recordings from inhibitory, presumably GABAergic PC interneurons in vivo is developed and may be useful for evaluation of PC neurons in kindled rats. Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? C. cell body. a. Autonomic pathways consist of two types of motor neurons. D) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. GABA and glycine are amino acid neurotransmitters; dopamine and norepinephrine are catecholamines; and endorphin and enkephalin are peptide transmitters. D) moves membrane potential away from threshold. The point where a motor neuron meets a muscle fiber is called the: 1. a. extrapyramidal motor system. What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? The characteristics that vary on a continuum among people, such as height, skin color, or intelligence, are most likely determined by polygenic inheritance. 12. C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells. B) They can form on receptor endings. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the myelin sheaths are destroyed. Discover and discuss the meaning of dendrites, axon, membrane polarization, membrane depolarization, and synapses. Which of the following statements is true of both membrane potential responses shown in the graphs? B) muscle contraction would occur. Why does injection of a local anesthetic into a finger still cause a loss of the sensation of touch from the finger? D) size of action potentials, Bipolar neurons are commonly ________. A) support and brace neurons B. In epilepsy research, there is a growing interest in the role of the piriform cortex (PC) in the development and maintenance of limbic kindling and other types of limbic . 4. c. M2 microglial cells Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. (a) hardened cells and neurons (b) neurons and supporting cells (c) chondrocytes and neurons (d) neuronocytes and smooth muscle cells. Indicate the number of orbitals in the 6p sublevel. 14. C) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability If a person ingested a substance that temporarily impaired the functioning of the d. Hypothalamus, 37. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing worldwide prevalence. Which of the following are afferent neurons, relative to the central nervous system? Psych 4035 Ch 3 Practice and Reading Quizzes, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Charles Welsh, Cynthia Prentice-Craver, David Shier, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis, Chapter 3 Formatting Documents- Val Caylor. 7. Motor afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. d. The blood-brain barrier, 17. a. temporal lobe. We investigated here the direct and differential effects of inflammatory mediators on human neurons. C) association neuron Neurotransmitter is released from presynaptic neurons through what mechanism? In terms of function, scientists classify neurons into three broad types: sensory . a. Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue(s). What are the different types of motor neurons? b. thalamus. a. Somatic Nervous System 53. c. the thalamus. b. Microglial cells D) astrocytes, Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? Which of the following statements is true? c. Proteoglycans a. visual information. D) ATP and other purines a. These include nerve cells (or neurons) and glial cells (or glia ). What do neurons synapse with? March 17, 2022. d. spines along dendrites. Neurons: D) A small . d. ventral root. The person may have constricted pupils. These K+ ions decrease the positive ion concentration momentarily below the normal -70mV and thus hyperpolarize the cell. The interior of a neuron is composed of cytoplasm and a gel that is called. c. reduced oxygen delivery to cells. Upper motor neurons are classified according to the pathways they travel in C. The Babinski response is not characteristic of paralysis from UMN lesions What is the role of calcium in synaptic activity? 44. A) Specific sodium gates will open. Why does a hyperpolarization phase generally follow a repolarization phase in an action potential? As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. A) Sensory neuron B) Motor neuron C) Interneuron D) All of the above. High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons. What parts of a neuron are completely contained within a ganglion? B) type of stimulus receptor A. neuronal fibers; axons B. axons; dendrites C. dendr. (a) can maintain ionic balance of extracellular environment for neurons (b) can take glucose from blood to provide to neurons to make ATP (c) can take up neurotransmitter from a synapse (d) can phag, Which of the following are characteristics of myelinated axons? c. somatic nervous system. b. Myelin prevents conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. C) opens K+ or Cl- channels Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? 11. d. support and brace neurons. During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. d . C ) brain and spinal cord. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. D) astrocytes, What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? A Pyrex container is completely filled with 275cm3275 \mathrm{~cm}^3275cm3 of mercury at 10.0C10.0{\degree} \mathrm{C}10.0C. C) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS 40. 3. They are like neurons except that they lack axons. 80. According to the humidity characteristics of PEMFC, Vinu et al. Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups. b. procedural memory. a. A disease that destroyed astrocytes would be expected to: b. Medulla Polygenic inheritance is the inheritance of traits that are influenced by multiple genes. Name the parts that comprise the elbow joint. They are electrically excitable cells which generate action potentials. Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? a. Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? Although neurologic recovery is complete, amnesia for the event persists. c. myelin around axons. Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles 2. Use Equation v=v0+atv=v_0+a tv=v0+at to show that the time corresponding to the velocity found in part (a) is t=v0v022ax0at=\frac{-v_0 \pm \sqrt{v_0^2-2 a x_0}}{a}t=av0v022ax0. c. Neuromuscular junction Different types of neurons include sensory, motor, and interneurons, as well as structurally-based neurons, which include unipolar, multipolar, bipolar, and pseudo-unipolar neurons. Identify the neuron type described: Two neuron types whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord (CNS). What does myelin do for neurons? c. midbrain. A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? D) all sodium gates are closed, In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The synaptic cleft b. Which nervous system subdivision is a chain of two motor neurons consisting of a preganglionic and a postganglionic neuron? 41. 6. b. cause inattention. group cfibers are not capable of salatory conduction. b. inhibit axon growth. A) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold. d. oligodendrocytes fail to myelinate re-growing axons. Do not divide - (neural stem cells are an exception) 3. The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for rigorous activity. a. reduced cerebrospinal fluid. a. regenerating axons may be unable to regain previous connections through the site of injury. Just what does pass from the neuron to the muscle cells and, Which neuroglial cell type in the CNS is associated with many functions including support for neurons, forming a blood-brain barrier, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and uptake of K+ and neurotransmitters? B) large nerve fibers Touch stimulation of this sensory receptor will open the mechanically gated ion channels, but action potentials are still not initiated because propagation of an action potential requires the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. Which of the following is not a characteristic of ion channels? 13. B) cholinesterase B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell The latter from the brain to the spinal cord. The parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons are called: 4. Motor has two divisions: the somatic and autonomic. Visual disturbances, paralysis, and weakness, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. The actual cause of the neurodegenerative component of the disease is however unclear. The membrane potential of the postsynaptic membrane changes. spindle fibres to divide the cell. Neurons are a specific type of nervous system cell that is able to generate signals and transmit them to other neurons or target end-cells. b. on the soma. a. the classification is based on the number of processes extending from the cell body b. multipolar neurons have several axons and one dendrite c. most neurons in the; Which of the following neurons forms the blood-brain barrier? What quantity of mercury spills over when heated to 75.0C75.0{\degree} \mathrm{C}75.0C ? Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are "firing," but due to the neurotransmitter released and its action, the postsynaptic neuron is inhibited from "firing" (hyperpolarized). Sensory and motor divisions. How can potentially poisonous gases like NO and CO be used by the body? A patient was admitted for depression. Discovering that early life stress may cause polymorphisms that increase the risk of Select all that apply. ce3z/(4zi)3dz_ce^{3z}/(4z-i)^3dz a. Trigeminal nerve STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NERVOUS AND GLIAL CELLS. b. oligodendrocytes. d. act as transcription factors. These gases are neurotransmitters that act indirectly. What is an example of a presynaptic cell? They are the fundamental units that send and receive signals which allow us to move our muscles, feel the external world, think, form memories and much more. 14. Which of the following is correct? d. Inhibited salvation. C. Afferent. C) action potential B) microglia order to draw a diagram in her notebook. In the case of nerve . Which of the following are functions of the CNS? d. They are the same as any other cells. This protective role is important because cells of the immune system are denied access to the CNS. 43. The midbrain contains the: Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes? What are the small lower motor neurons that innervate intrafusal muscle fibers that are part of specialized stretch receptors called? ce3z/(4zi)3dz. 29. Which membrane potential occurs because of the influx of Na+ through chemically gated channels in the receptive region of a neuron? c. interneurons make inhibitory connections with damaged neurons. Neuroglia perform supportive functions in the brain. Which nervous system was the drug most Which of the following surrounds PNS neurons and provides support? a. on dendrites. a. astrocytes play a role in neurotransmission. In this study we evaluated if motor and sensory neurites have a substrate preference for laminin and . the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. A) sodium Give a valid explanation of why this could occur. D) effector, What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? c. olfactory information. Multiple Choice. All of the following describe the functions of astrocytes except: Responding to brain injury is an important function of astrocytes. The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the ________. True or False, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? As a component of the hyperdirect and indirect pathways, the STN is important for constraining movement, thought, and emotion through synaptic excitation of GABAergic basal ganglia output neurons. Which of the following IS NOT a description of a neuron? A) mechanically gated channel The plasma membrane of the neuron is semipermeable, being highly permeable to K + and slightly permeable to Cl and Na +.In the extracellular fluid, electroneutrality is preserved by a balance between a high concentration of Na + on the one hand and a high concentration of Cl , as . b. cerebrospinal fluid. Nanoscale integrated circuit technologies have become popular for designing and implementing biologically inspired pulse-based brain systems [1].These advanced Nanoscale devices are implemented in specific defined models of neuronal recording [[2], [3], [4]].Especiallyto replace a dead neuron system with an artificial neuron system to activate the paralyzed body parts. b. b. transcription factors. the somatic nervous system. Name the two other neuron types which are cholinergic. B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled. 15. c. occipital lobe. researcher would: They are robust signaling cells. It is the main component of the nervous system- both the central nervous and peripheral nervous system. d. increase the density of dendritic spines. The contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move bones of the skeleton. View the full answer. c. Oligodendrocytes A thirestold potential must be excecded or reached. Which functional classification of neurons is the most numerous? The parasympathetic division includes the pelvic nerves. b. M3 b. c. provide the defense for the CNS. A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons. a. Astrocytes A drug that reduces the activity of the amygdala would likely: D) lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur. Neurons are a type of cell and are part of the nervous system. a. Multi-polar neurons b. Bipolar neurons c. Uni-polar neurons. (a) Voltage-gated calcium channels open (b) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (c) Action potential arrives at axon terminal (d) Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft (e) Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft (f) Graded potential generated in postsynaptic cell, (c) Action potential arrives at axon terminal (a) Voltage-gated calcium channels open (e) Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft (b) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (f) Graded potential generated in postsynaptic cell (d) Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft. The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a (n) ________. Similar to hormones, NO and CO promote longer-lasting effects by acting through intracellular second-messenger molecules. d. gray matter. C) receptor b. Constricted airways Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. c. lead to foreign substances entering the brain from the circulatory system. 2 introduce new . B) nerves C) biogenic amine c. gene duplication. c. striations present are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin. Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells. A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. Integrate. C) Sodium gates will open first, then close as potassium gates open. C) depolarization Oligodendrocytes form: True or False, Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity. A) axon B) dendrite C) neurolemma DI) Schwann cell. A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. Local anesthetics block voltage-gated Na+ channels, but they do not block mechanically gated ion channels. Contains lymphatic vessel. Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, and they generate electrical signals called action potentials, which allow them to quickly transmit information over long distances. 79. d. cerebral blood vessels. inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. B) repolarization a. Which type of neurons are used to convey the special senses of sight? (a) They conduct impulses. C) innervation of glands When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called ________ summation. c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. d. touch information. Which of the following is expected to occur first if the membrane potential decrease shown in the graph on the left were to reach the threshold value indicated at ~ -55 mV? B) innervation of cardiac muscle A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only. (a) Cell body (b) Dendrites (c) Axon (d) All of the above are structural features of a neuron. What portion of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? The principles outlined above can be applied to the neuron and its ionic contents.. 54. d. hippocampus. d. cerebellum. What are the neuron functions for the peripheral nervous system? As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. 34. A. ependymal cells B. Schwann cells C . A) resting period help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid. 5. Estimate the number of moles of Ar in a typical lightbulb. d. prefrontal cortex. Extrapyramidal side effects produced by antipsychotic drugs are similar to the symptoms of: Select the correct statement about serial processing. B. Myelin prevents the conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. b. a. a. midbrain. Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. B) muscle contraction would occur Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. 11. a. it is not an increase in membrane potential b. causes the voltage of the internal membrane towards zero c. inside the membrane becomes more positive than resting potential d. lowers the probability of producing an action potential e. none of the above. First, consider an object with an initial position x0x_0x0, an initial velocity v0v_0v0, and an acceleration aaa. Which of the following is an EXCITATORY neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal. A patient is admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). The resting membrane potential is maintained by Na+-K+ pumps that actively transport __ into and ___ out of the cell. d. M1. I was doing so well." A. Which of the following is false or incorrect? c. genes. Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes? True or False, The action potential is caused by permeability changes in the plasma membrane. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. a. Pons Immediately after an action potential the potassium gates, being slow gates that do not respond to change in the electrical charge, allow additional K+ ions to flood into the cell. There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. What are the two(2) functional neuron types that are structurally multipolar neurons? formation. 36. A) They conduct impulses. When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. If physicians found that inflammation had caused damage to the blood-brain barrier, which What mechanism is responsible for axonal transport? What type of channel on the postsynaptic membrane binds neurotransmitter? Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue (s). a. epigenetics. What is the function of upper motor neurons? The small layer of tissue surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the brain is called: Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. c. Autonomic Nervous System B) They can form on receptor endings. likely acting upon? 57. Which of the following portions of the neuron transmits neurotransmitters? innervation of skeletal muscle. A) Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction. While taking notes in class, a student had keep in mind what the professor had just stated in