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Their mutual intelligibility varies greatly, between the dialects themselves, with Shtokavian, and with other languages. Polish Language Overview, Structure & Facts | What is Polski? Here are the estimates about inteligebility with other Slavic languages from a person thats fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian: However, many groups of languages are partly mutually intelligible, i.e. Pannonian Rusyn is actually a part of Slovak, and Rusyn proper is really a part of Ukrainian. Serbs until recently where still self titled Yugoslavs. But in the case of written Russian, you could elevate this number up to 70-80% quite easily. What Are Mutually Intelligible Languages? The Answer, and - FluentU I can understand anyone who speaks English, even those who speak it as foreigners might say too fast. In my experience, its quite easy. He gave me the 25% figure. Click here to get a copy. #5. Around 80% comprehension, it gets hard to talk about complex or technical things. Slovenian: 20% Bosnian and Montenegrin are also just dialects of Serbian language. The German influence is more prominent in the west; Polish influence is greater in the east. 50% As a Polish native speaker I used to be sure that Czech and Polish are mutually intelligible until I met Czech couple. In addition, the Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian and Russian such as (Slobozhan Ukrainian and Slobozhan Russian) spoken in Kantemirov (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia), and Kuban Russian or Balachka spoken in the Kuban area right over the eastern border of Ukraine are very close to each other. In writing, German is also somewhat mutually intelligible with Dutch. Ukrainians needs to make small preparation to become able for listening comprehension of Polish. Western Ukraine, at least urban Western Ukraine, no longer speaks the Galician dialect but rather standard Ukrainian. However, the Croatian macrolanguage has strange lects that Standard Croatian (tokavian) cannot understand. Only Croatians try so hard to press differences. What if akavian person is from dalmatian coastal village which is now half tokavised and tokavian speaker is from Dalmatian city which still has some elements of akavian, ikavian yat and is full of romanisms? Linguistic distance is the relative degree of difference between languages or dialects. Slovak somewhat more than Polish, but still very little. When Kievan Rus' fell to the Mongols in the 13th century, the formerly united states became split, and what were once very closely-related dialects began to . The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. I must admit that knowing English, German and French also helped me since Polish readily uses borrowings from these languages where Russian prefers Slavic words. Despite a lot of commonality between the dialects, the differences between them are significant. If, for example, one language is related to another but has simplified its grammar, the speakers of the original language may understand the simplified language, but less vice versa. From some reason, the Hutsul, Lemko, andBoiko dialects of the Rusyn language are much more comprehensible to Russians than Standard Ukrainian is. Not everyone within each of the three broad dialect areas speaks Yiddish in the same way -- there are sub-dialects, but they are mutually intelligible. It is not a failure. Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. If you know Polish, you're likely to understand a little Russian, Ukrainian and other Slavic languages, but this doesn't mean that the languages are mutually intelligible. I cannot understand that much of kajkavski nor akavski, but I can understand more akavski than I can kajkavski. This is heartening, although Kajkavian as an existing spoken lect also needs to be recognized as a living language instead of a dialect of Croatian, whatever that word means. My gues. Slovak is closely related to Czech, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree, as well as Polish.Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is a fusional language with a complex system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. This is simply reality in Serbia today. That barrier, however, is not too difficult to overcome. Although different writing systems are used, there are many similarities in the grammar used, such as Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian. I dont know about Macedonian (havent ever heard or read it) but it seems to be like in the middle between Serbian and Bulgarian (just like frisian is in the middle of dutch and english). Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) the use of the accusative is nearly identical in Ni Torlak and Kumanovo Macedonian (cannot say the same for standard Macedonian as it has no accusative to begin with) and is, in general, more of an oblique case than anything else Spanish has varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with Galician, Portuguese, Catalan, Italian, Sardinian and French. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). About the mistakes Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. Heres his interview with Bosnian figures, and Bosnian is part of B/H/S landscape Its often said that all Slavic languages are mutually intelligible with each other. You really need to go look at the new version of the paper. I can barely understand czech (slovak I havent tried) and, as similar as it is to croatian, I can only understand a little slovenian. What is the most mutually intelligible Slavic language? This implies that some of the high intelligibility between Slovak and Polish may be due to bilingual learning on the part of Slovaks. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. [1] Toj e oficialnijat ezik na Republika Balgarija i edin iz 23-te oficialni ezika na Evropejskija sajuz. 0%? Vedle hlavn, pouvan v Bulharsku, existuje jet makedonsk norma, kter tak (?) Serbians often say radiu and its very similar to Croatian raditi u or radit u, but sometimes Serbians say ja u da radim or even u da radim without ja (I), because u is first singular form of the verb hteti and ja is needless, but its very rare and common for southern Serbian dialects and also very very irregular in official Serbian, but that is very similar to official Macedonian. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. In akavian they are once more old slavic. Polish 5 % spoken, 20 % written non-Shtokavian dialects: Kajkavian, Chakavian and Torlakian) diverge more significantly from all four normative varieties. However, in terms of vocabulary Ukrainian is closer to Polish, from which it has borrowed a large number of words. In terms Because so many Slavic languages are national languages, they tend to have pretty big populations. JohnUK. Burgenland Croatian, spoken in Austria, is intelligible to Croatian speakers in Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, but it has poor intelligibility with the Croatian spoken in Croatia. By the way, osnovnata (osnovna-ta) is related to the Czech word osnova (basis, outline). Most of the Ukrainian speakers who do not speak Russian are in Canada at the moment. For instance, West Palesian is a transitional Belarussian dialect to Ukrainian. I can grasp only something in the sense that these four periods have different names and that they dont designate different languages (delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici), but only periods of the development of Bulgarian (samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik), with typical changes or features (za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi). some things in this article are heavily exaggerated. Usually, they can even write their theses in Slovak. My email is on the Contact page. Cieszyn Silesian speakers strongly reject the notion that they speak the same language as Upper Silesians. Id like to know about written mutual intelligibility, because, about spoken mutual intelligibility, there are people from portugal that cannot understand brazilians and vice-versa, though they speak the same language. Spoken Slovenian is a surprise too its phonology has a significant German influence. As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages. Slovenian while it sounds slavic to me is not intelligible at all save for a few words here and there. Ukrainian has 62% lexical similarity with Russian but 70% with Polish, which isn't high enough for mutual intelligibility with both Russian and Polish, but Poles can certainly understand Ukrainian much better than Russian, and Russians can understand Ukrainian much better than Poles. A koine is currently under development. Post 1991, g has returned. They sometimes say that youngsters do not but that is just a myth. There is as much Czech literature and media as Slovak literature and media in Slovakia, and many Slovaks study at Czech universities. Mezentseva, Inna. adrian. I must confess that as a Czech, I understand only little, what the Macedonian reporter is saying, and when I was listening to the first guy from Bosnia (Izetbegovi), I was often lost, understanding only slightly more, maybe 20-30%. On the other side, i.e. I do hope that you understand the point. Serbia is large and you should also ask Serbians in other regions. Russian has a decent intelligibility with Bulgarian, possibly on the order of 50%, but Bulgarian intelligibility of Russian seems lower. In other cases, I had to rely on the context. For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). In this case, too, however, while mutual intelligibility between speakers of the distant remnant languages may be greatly constrained, it is likely not at the zero level of completely unrelated languages. The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927. > Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end, because they dont bother to learn Slovak, while many Slovaks learn Czech. Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. For the south slavic speakers, it is a commonism, almost a joke, for a Serb and a Croat to argue---in a mutually intelligible language---that . Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages I see your point, and I agree: there must be a difference in method when determining linguistic intelligibility based on different populations. His level of understanding might be 90%, or 82%, 85%. Download Ebook Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback Mi povidamo Horvatski jazik means We speak croatian language in akavian. Russians, they usually need some adaptation time (and of course they need to be willing to try -- which is not always the case, since many Russians are monolingual and . What languages are mutually intelligible with Russian? & relat.)) In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. Bulgarian is a pluricentric language it has several literary norms. As a native Serbian speaker from Bosnia who has interacted with most Slavic languages , heres my breakdown of level of mutual intelligibility with other Slavic tongues: its not based on bilingual learning. Conclusion: Ni Torlak uses a definite suffix, -ta/-to/-ti/-te/-ta (fem.sg/neu.sg/masc.pl/fem.pl/neu.pl), but less frequently than Macedonian does, and only in the nominative; it doesnt have a distance contrast as it does in standard Macedonian but it isnt even present in Serbian to begin with It forms a single tongue and is not several separate languages as many insist. Dont let the past politics fool you. Some islanders go even further than that and don`t consider themselves ethnic Croats. And o shifts to u. Much like Nordic languages. Mutual intelligibility between languages can make learning them much easier. A Serb gave me this information. The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. Czech has 94% intelligibility of Slovak, 12% of Polish, and 5% of Russian and Bulgarian. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? As such, spoken Danish and Swedish normally have low mutual intelligibility,[2] but Swedes in the resund region (including Malm and Helsingborg), across a strait from the Danish capital Copenhagen, understand Danish somewhat better, largely due to the proximity of the region to Danish-speaking areas. ", "Moldovan (limba moldoveneasc / )", "Experimental methods for measuring intelligibility of closely related language varieties", "Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages in Europe", Harold Schiffman, "Linguists' Definition: mutual intelligibility", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutual_intelligibility&oldid=1137818628, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2015, Pages with login required references or sources, Articles needing additional references from July 2022, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2015, Articles with self-published sources from April 2020, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kajkavian has higher mutual intelligibility with Slovene than with the national varieties of Shtokavian. Understanding the connection between mutually intelligible languages, can make it easier to learn an additional language. The Macedonian spoken near the Serbian border is heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian and is quite a bit different from the Macedonian spoken towards the center of Macedonia. This stuff is not all that controversial. Jeff Lindsay estimates that Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Its true that Slavic languages are not intelligible in the taking-the-first-person-from-the-street-and-making-them-listen-to-a-random-conversation way, that is, an average Slavic speaker with an untrained ear and little to no exposure to other Slavic languages will have difficulty understanding other Slavic languages. The reason Macedonian appears not very intelligible to a Serbian speaker is because many basic words (be, do, this, that, where, etc) are completely different, however most of the rest of the vocabulary is similar or the same. The two languages are not mutually intelligible, and there are significant differences in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. Yiddish speakers usually have an easier time understanding German than vice versa, largely because Yiddish has added words from other languages, including Hebrew and Slavic languages, which makes it more difficult for German speakers to understand. Croatian language doesnt exists. Mr.Lindsay, Slovak: 20% Mitja Slane on Twitter: "@NOELreports How do they speak? Ukrainian is Belarusian is, in a sense, in between other slavic languages. Polish lacks full intelligibility of Silesian, although this is controversial (see below). Even the basic words are almost the same. She introduces her and her two friends from the Czech republic and Spain, Because she speaks very clearly and slowly, I understand everything between 0:25-0:32, but then she starts a fast flood of words and between 0:32-0:36 I basically hear only s. The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family is known for its languages being relatively closely related. I have no problems understanding the Torlakian dialect. Yes and if you could more than one listener, it would be great. Czech: 10% That is good to know. In addition, Balachka language associations believe it is a separate language. Is there any particular method to determine this? Ive done tests with my friends shtokavians-only (or monolingual Croats regarding the situation here) and it was very interesting. The Serbo-Croatian vocabulary in both Macedonian and Torlakian is very similar, stemming from the political changes of 1912; whereas these words have changed more in Bulgarian. The historical development is characterized by four main periods. Polish and Ukrainian mutual intelligibility question. Ive watched that movie on a croatian television with the croatian subtitle and understood that movie much much better, though Croatian also has a little differences. Hag_Boulder 9 mo. There is . The main Shtokavian dialects of Croatian, Serbian, Montenegrin and Bosnian are mutually intelligible. Russia) in Canada, and they barely can understand standard Ukrainian. French has 89% lexical similarity with Italian, 80% similarity with Sardinian (spoken on the Italian island of Sardinia), 78% similarity with Romansh (spoken in parts of Switzerland) and 75% similarity with Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish. The Polish langauge uses the Latin script, while the Ukrainian is written in Cyrillic. In the case of transparently cognate languages officially recognized as distinct such as Spanish and Italian, mutual intelligibility is in principle and in practice not binary (simply yes or no), but occurs in varying degrees, subject to numerous variables specific to individual speakers in the context of the communication. Ive been following this page and kept coming to it for the past months, actually more than a year (and have noticed some updates). The more German the Silesian dialect is, the harder it is for Poles to understand. It was formerly thought to be a Slovenian dialect, but some now think it is more properly a Kajkavian dialect. The distance of Slovene may seem unlikely, but I think that it is still rather optimistic, because Czech and Slovene are quite distant, despite geographical closeness. The Mutually Intelligible Languages of 8 Popular World Languages 1. Also akavian has some elements of its own. Test only Serbs who know almost no English (they exist in older generation). Ability of speakers of two language varieties to understand the other, As a criterion for identifying separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, Alexander M. Schenker. Therefore, for the moment, there are five separate Croatian languages: Shtokavian Croatian, Kajkavian Croatian, Chakavian Croatian, Molise Croatian, and Burgenland Croatian. And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. Many people know cases well but simply dont want to speak them correctly in conversation with someone who doesnt speak them correctly because that makes them feel like they want to judge other people who doesnt use cases correctly or that makes them more educated, even more smart, than someone who doesnt use it, and that makes both sides uncomfortable. Nevertheless, the ISO has recently accepted a proposal from the Kajkavian Renaissance Association to list the Kajkavian literary language written from the 1500s-1900 as a recognized language with an ISO code of kjv. Tradues em contexto de "mutuamente compreensvel" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os membros da equipa de verificao da Comisso podem comunicar com as autoridades e com o pessoal do operador da instalao numa lngua comum e mutuamente compreensvel. My family comes from Kaikavian (50%), Chakavian (25%) and Shtokavian (25%) areas, but at home, especially last years, we prefer to use only Kaikavian-Chakavian.