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Well, that was really helpful; thanks for the effort. In this tutorial, well explore guidelines for how to write vertical lists. The idea is that the list reads like a single sentence, with semicolons separating each point, a conjunction just before the final entry, and a period at the end. So many choices to make! Capitalize My Title requires JavaScript to be enabled in order to run. According to APA, racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and Get your free sample back in 3 to 6 hours! The huge difference is that AP colon rules allow you to use a colon after a sentence fragment. I was a fan until I realized it wasn't AP Style, all hail AP Style Honorable mention a.m. and p.m. - That's how they're used. Now we have bullets. Below is a description of the ways you can use our case converter. 7. 205-921-5556. Ordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.5, The animal shelters most generous donors were, 2. local businesses, including the hardware store, grocery store, and coffee shop; and. A: a month's confinement, per the QUASI POSSESSIVES section of the "possessives" entry. Q: Is the age of an inanimate object expressed in numerals or spelled out? Preferred style is without terminal punctuation, unless the list item is a complete sentence. 10. Take a digital photo of a family member. However, you can omit the colon when a list follows a partial sentence. Over 1.5 million copies sold! Creating a free account also gives you access to historical stylebooks, writing guidelines and handbooks produced by The Associated Press, dating back to June 1900. These might seem like confusing rules with too many exceptions, but youre always welcome to homebrew your own style rules. Use a numbered list if you want to display items in a numbered series. But if you are using a style guide, you may want to check it for guidance on which style to use. And if youd like any more help with the punctuation and capitalization of lists in a document, dont forget we have proofreaders available 24/7! To keep bullets simple and consistent, I take a dual approach to styling them, based on whether the items in the list are complete sentences or partial sentences. A: Eight states are never abbreviated in datelines or text: Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah. Numbers One through nine are spelled out, 10 and above are figures (Arabic numerals). Anation could be oppressed by its leaders, Judy Vorfeld Repellent and Repulsive both speak to driving others away, but REPULSIVE Three horizontal centrifugal pumps with design temperature of 100 degrees F. Three electric motors, in accordance with Appendices. Sixth and Seventh streets). Vacuum windowsills and corners with a vacuum hose. It's hard for some people to wrap their heads around this rule, especially if each . And if so, when? Please try again. Its visually cluttered, impeding easy scan. A: Use "that" for a thing, "who" for the personal pronoun, although "that" also fits some human references. A: In AP headline style, only the first word and proper nouns are capped. AP follows two broad rules for capitalization: Common names are not capitalized unless part of a proper name (the river vs. the Thames River). Example: You will need to present the following information: Your driver's license. Are we nitpicking punctuation with these considerations of bullet lists? Unordered lists occasionally appear without bullets.8 However, strongly consider using bullets whenever possible because bullet-less list items can be difficult to identify on mobile devices with responsive text layouts. Fax: 205-921-5595 2131 Military Street S Hamilton, AL 35570 View Location A: AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. finally, draft your conclusion. In sentence case, only the first word and all proper nouns are capitalized, as shown in the following example: One more day of extreme heat for East Coast However, clear bullet list punctuation adds visual scan-ability to your business writing. Inconsistent punctuation; Sometimes the grammar isn't parallel between items. A: AP uses hyphenated e- for generic terms such as e-commerce and e-strategies. A: AP headlines cap only first word and proper names or proper abbreviations. I have a tendency to be very verbose when I write. A) Begin each bullet with the same part of speech (noun, verb, adjective) It is very common to use action verbs (also known as dynamic verbs) to begin each item in a bulleted list. Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading, Capitalize all major words (nouns, verbs including. Young adults have many motivations for texting on their smartphones: Further information about bulleted lists is available in the Publication Manual, including how to format lists of definitions in a glossary. When do Icapitalize the first letter in abulleteditem? To draw visual attention to items in a list without implying that items go in a certain order (e.g., chronology, importance, priority), use a bulleted list. Also, please note that ads, brochures and legal contracts may require some deviation from these guidelines. AP and Chicago Manual of Style - capitalize initial word and use periods after sentence list items. Whether youre writing an essay, email, or cover letter, youll likely use parentheses. Numbered Lists and Bullet Lists: Why and How? 11.5.13 Updates made to University statistics, the list of research centers and section on Web addresses. Required fields are marked *. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Two new and potentially controversial suggestions when writing bulleted lists are to use dashes instead of bullets and to always use periods (rather than semicolons) at the end of each section, even if it is a phrase and not a sentence. AP Style: Sentence Fragments and Capitalization Finally, let's look at Associated Press style. Should each point start with a capital letter and end with a period? TITLES Of course, youll want to keep using capitals for all the basics: the beginning of every sentence, proper nouns like names and specific locations, days of the week and months. A: 2-5 p.m. is preferred. Ordered vertical lists have, you guessed it, an order. driving, in which people text while in their vehicle (Schroeder & Sims, 2018). This isn't an exhaustive list, but it will get you started. A colon can introduce a long quotation or one of more than one sentence, because it says to a reader: "There's more coming here than you thought. Welcome to Ask the Editor, a forum on writing, style and phrasing issues that go beyond the pages of the AP Stylebook. Youre singing my tune! I the word Cocaine supposed to be capitalized? AP's style is now to capitalize Black in a racial, ethnic or cultural sense, conveying an essential . Bulleted lists. Bullets normally preface unordered list items.7. Q: Why is atheist not capitalized while Catholics, Muslims, Buddhists, etc., are? Navigating the not-so-hidden treasures of the APA Style website. Bulleted Lists: Capitalization and Punctuation By Judy Vorfeld Did you know that before the introduction of word processing (via word processors and computers), most publications displayed lists in either outline form or numbered lists. By far, this is the most vexing punctuation issue! AP Stylebook recommends: "Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. Government, including federal government and U.S. government. Do you capitalize the first word of a bullet point? A: AP uses the numeral for acres, even when less than 10, as a dimension: 5 acres. In APA 7, you have two options for punctuating bulleted phrases: to include no punctuation after each list item and after the last list item or to include commas or semicolons, as appropriate, after each list item and final punctuation at the end of the list. Example: You will not be accepted if you have been diagnosedwith: RECOMMENDATION: If youre creating along document full of bulleted items, you may choose to be consistent and end each item with aperiod. For lists of fragments, short phrases, or words, capitalization is optional: As with the other optional punctuation above, though, make sure to use a consistent capitalization style throughout your writing. Chicago Manual of Style does not. Vertical lists are set apart from the surrounding text and are usually prefaced with bullets or sequential numbers or letters. Important Note: The MLA Handbook from the Modern Language Association (MLA style) follows Chicago-style recommendations for ordered and unordered vertical lists. Infants will try to help others who seem like they need help with simple tasks, such as carrying multiple objects. A: Lowercase the compass point - central Louisiana -- unless it's a widely known section, as in Southern California or South Florida. Whether a numbered list is being used when a bullet list would be more appropriate, or vice versa, Capitalization, Case Internet The word internet is all lowercase (unless, of course, it starts a sentence or comes after a bullet) . Use a period after every bullet point that completes the introductory stem. Examples: House Cleaning Tips: Remove items from shelves before dusting. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as "play with"), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. The key thing is applying a clear and consistent punctuation style to all lists. Again, these will depend on the specific style you choose (see Title Capitalization Rules by Style section). For company names, use their preference: eBay. 59 0 obj
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Others, like the Chicago Manual of Style, suggest lowercasing it. Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section or a phrase." This is clear, but AP doesn't fully address when to omit a period at the end of each bullet. However, most people now leave out the extra punctuation. Q: How about using e- as a prefix for new terms in the tech and business worlds? 2-5 p.m.) and when to use the word "to"?
See "diseases" entry for further guidance. There are two options for the punctuation of bulleted lists when the items are words or phrases. Possessive versus descriptive Q: A months confinement or a month's confinement? Quickly convert your title or text to title case by simply clicking the Title Case button in the tool above. Titles. Use all sentences or all. Whether using bullets or numbers, vertical lists can be tricky. Cite it. The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends prefacing unordered lists with dashes instead of bullets, although bullets are an acceptable choice for some publications.AP style also recommends punctuating complete and incomplete introductory sentences with a colon and capitalizing the first word in each list item as well as punctuating This will automatically indent the list as well. The Fantastic Shakers have won many awards. hbbd```b``"A$dH\8'$XM7"$c[D& j@H2w 2+:
Poor sleep quality has been linked with the following symptoms: The second option is to insert punctuation after the bulleted items as though the bullets were not there, which may be better when the items are longer or more complex. The capitalization rules are as follows: AMA style capitalization is mainly used in the scientific community. The capitalization rules are as follows: Bluebook style capitalization is mainly used by lawyers. First, it is important to note that there are four main title capitalization styles: Chicago style, APA style, MLA style, and AP style. Content style guide Capitalization As part of our plain language style, we use sentence capitalization as the standard on VA.gov, with a few exceptions. You can quickly convert your text or title to all caps by selecting the UPPER button on the tool. Memorize the AP abbreviations. [M zmp0&BLp$UPd67Z9Ha{0gPY "nG~h%rls 'wdt;:^2i+>f9V%EQ)j2"^e\KP"TiNc-((V A&N+E}E;SnIP News media (datelines; headlines; newswriting ). Thanks for the tips. Bulleted lists can be used with complete sentences, phrases, or a combination. A list of information can be neatly organised using bullet points. Don't use the Oxford comma in a simple series before the conjunction. Bulleted lists are appropriate when presenting a list of items in no particular order. The rule of thumb in AP style is that things should be lowercased unless a rule indicates that theyre upper. Zip Airline offers That order can be based on rank (e.g., a list of most favorite to least favorite foods) or sequence (e.g., recipe instructions). The book club members made a list of their favorite genres: Individual list items following a complete sentence that are themselves complete sentences are each punctuated with a period.4. Avoid a mix. Title case is the most common form of title and headline capitalization and is found in all four major title capitalization styles. How about AP? EPA follows the AP rule after the dash or bullet: capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each section. Infants often display positive emotions when following parents behavioral requests, such as not touching the stove. in Composition and Rhetoric from the University of New Hampshire. You can learn more in the Title Capitalization Rules by Style section. A: AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. If the elements are complex, uses commas for all. If the bulleted text is a whole sentence, uppercase the initial letter of the first word and use a period to conclude the paragraph (see "Lists, Part 5: Bulleted Lists" in the APA Style Blog . AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. The art instructor assigned three projects for the spring semester: 2. Start each list item with a capital letter, unless case is an important part of the information conveyed by the listsuch as in a list of glossary terms. Please list your allergies and give date of last flare-up. Note however that it is not wrong to capitalize a sentence or clause after a colon. x]0)} N "d/J]g<3gcyY?9Y\}xLgH*vVQ8e[!}mg%O*~OqoEhe9k=~o^p{?~7?ZOu6ImR)Gow=\JrP J%HfTH@zGI8a. July 31, 2019. Words that should not be capitalized include: You can also use a colon after a partial sentence. . Use a lettered list if you want to emphasize separate parallel items within a sentence. While the APs guidelines on this issue are straightforward and easy to remember, they are designed for news publications dealing with limited space and the technical limitations of news wire transmissions. But here are a few things you might not realize are actually lowercase in AP style. Mary founded Instructional Solutions in 1998, and is an internationally recognized business writing trainer and executive writing coach with two decades of experience helping thousands of individuals and businesses master the strategic skill of business writing. Stay with us.". Items that are complete sentences If bulleted items are complete sentences, begin each item with a capital letter and finish it with a period or other appropriate punctuation. Next, identify a newsworthy angle and set up your press release's header section. Published: November 13, 2012 Updated: August 22, 2020. in compound modifiers (e.g., Mid-year, Anti-hero, etc.). Your points should be consistent, either all sentences or all fragments. Good business writing seeks to make information easy to understand. Bulleted lists. For lists of fragments, short phrases, or words, capitalization is optional: My favorite fruits include: oranges apples bananas dragon fruit My favorite fruits include: Oranges Apples Bananas Dragon fruit As with the other optional punctuation above, though, make sure to use a consistent capitalization style throughout your writing. The CMS is commonly used in the publishing sphere, and AP style is more press-oriented . Beyond that, all three capitalize the first and last word of a title. Numbered lists (as noted on p. 64 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association) can be used to denote items in a series, such as conclusions or procedural steps. AP flags such cases atop the story with an editor's note. Hello! Bulleted lists are covered in Section 6.52 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition This guidance has been expanded from the 6th edition. Home Style and Grammar Guidelines Lists Lists Just as heading structure alerts readers to the order of ideas in a paper, lists help readers understand a related set of key points within a sentence or paragraph. in English Literature from Boston College, and a C.A.G.S. The two major capitalization styles for headlines and titles are sentence case and title case. That's . Prepositions that contain five letters or more. For MBA, AP Style don [t use periods. Bulleted lists are covered in Section 6.52 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition. Now we have bullets. Your email address will not be published. I like oranges. AP Stylebook Online builds on everything that's in the print Stylebook, and makes it a more comprehensive, convenient resource. Although a little old-fashioned, some people like to use semicolons or commas in lists. Q: How does AP treat programming language when used in general text? Clean windows with a newspaper and . Q: When referring to your company in internal (or external) communications, which is correct: Corporate or corporate? Semicolon Use in Lists A properly inserted semicolon helps to provide pause and clarifying separation in sentences. A: Commas in a series are for clarity and prevention of ambiguities. Consider the examples below: But if youre following AP style, chances are youre overusing those big letters. Example: The software in this price range offers many excellent features: RULE: When one item contains acomplete sentence, punctuate all bulleted items as though they were complete sentences: capitalize the beginning words and use aperiod at the end of each item. The tricky thing is punctuation. When multiple letters in a title need to be capitalized, use title case capitalization. Lists, Part 4: Numbered Lists. DO NOT capitalize plural words even when part of a proper name (e.g. The rules are fairly standard for title case: Making sure you have the right capitalization for APA headings is crucial for scholarly articles. Try it with a list of shorter items like this. Colon Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or Capitalize the first word of every bullet. Very helpful stuff! A: In a simple series, AP doesn't use a comma before the last item. Q: In a news story, can you start a sentence with an acronym? As with so many things in the English language, capitalization with colons can be complex, and many times, it's more of a style issue than one of correctness. Should the first letter of the bullet list be capitalized? Next post: Make blog post content rich with layers, Previous post: Blog Post Format: Chunk It. Punctuation (commas; quotation marks; colon; semi-colon; ellipsis ). persistent psychological distress (Glozier et al., 2010; Lund et al., 2010). For example, are newspapers italicized? Capitalize the first and the last word of titles and subtitles. This is a tricky one for me because, personally, I agree with you. Input your member identification number. A: AP doesn't use italics in news stories. While its not wrong and some style guides recommend this, its not the best business writing choice. Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, APA style, Chicago style, formatting, grammar, MLA style, punctuation. It is intended as a guide to common PR Team style and . It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. The buttons at the bottom let you choose specific case conversion options for the various styles. If your bulleted list is part of the sentence and is not preceded by a colon, treat the bullets like a part of the sentence, adhering to standard capitalization and punctuation. Dates, time, eras (July 4, 2008; 9 a.m.; the Great Depression ), Q: When referring to a time span, I never know when to use a dash to separate the two times (ex. A: "don't ask, don't tell" policy. This creates anew layer of confusion on how to use capitalization and punctuation in such lists. The capitalization rules are as follows: Wikipedia editors must follow certain capitalization rules for any posts to Wikipedia. The phrase "she has decided" warns the reader that the next . Automatically copy the capitalized title with CTRL + C ( + C on Mac) or after pasting. Write it. Watch your title convert case and be automatically capitalized! You should always use a colon before a bulleted or numbered list. Capitalize the first word in each bullet. A: AP style is email (changed from e-mail), but other e- words are hyphenated: e-commerce and e-book. "The cat's toy" means one cat owns that toy. 4.24.14 AP style rules on state abbreviations updated. Common Style Guidelines Mr. Heckle and Mr. Jeckle enjoy several feline activities: Like ordered lists, unordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.10, People who grew up in the 1980s watched a lot of television, including, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends prefacing unordered lists with dashes instead of bullets, although bullets are an acceptable choice for some publications.AP style also recommends punctuating complete and incomplete introductory sentences with a colon and capitalizing the first word in each list item as well as punctuating each list item with a period even if the item is an incomplete sentence.11. AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a4470ef17940e51381fb55e5e7bde6b6" );document.getElementById("j6a5d70196").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Sign up to receive the latest articles from Ragan.com directly in your inbox. A: AP lowercases wine varietals such as cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay, and caps regional names such as Bordeaux, Sauternes and Chablis. . The rule of thumb in AP style is that things should be lowercased unless a rule indicates that they're upper. Did you know that before the introduction of word processing (via word processors and computers), most publications displayed lists in either outline form or numbered lists. Don't use a bulleted list for only one item. Use numbered lists when youre working with instructions to be done in sequence, and the numbers suggest ahierarchy. The Gregg Reference Manual uses periods only after bullets that are dependent clauses and long phrases. Its illogical to use semicolons and vertical lists punctuated as sentences in business writing because its visually cluttered so its harder to scan. Numbered and unnumbered lists are more commonly used in scholarly publications. To make peace with periods in a list, think of the entire list (including the lead-in word or phrase) as several sentences (all of which need a period at the end). Take the sentence "She has decided: She won't have surgery to hide the scar.". No italics. Your subscription includes the . Thanks for the catch! We have three punctuation issues to consider: Should the ending punctuation at the end of each bullet list be a period, a semicolon, or no punctuation? In bulleted and numbered lists, do not use a period or other punctuation after titles or phrases that are not complete sentences (also good for accessibility). In AP style, the word that begins the list or series should generally only be capitalized if it is a proper noun. We updated guidance on how to write about U.S. and international currency. The department prefers bullets, but punctuate them per AP style: After each bullet, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each item. The capitalization rules are as follows: Capitalize the first and the last word. If a bulleted list contains phrases, each bullet should begin with a lowercase letter. Bullet point structure Don't mix and match sentence structures. 8 Tips to Make Your Writing Sound More Formal, Capitalization in APA, Chicago, MLA, and AP. If you feel punctuation does not matter, consider the impact of punctuation in these bullet lists: 2023 Instructional SolutionsRefund Policy | Terms | Privacy Policy. r%Q! 1:28 PM - 14 Jul 2021 37 Retweets 189 Likes AP Stylebook: Use periods after bullets. The first step in the process of how to write an AP style press release is to familiarize yourself with the guidelines. In the example above, the first two list items end with a semicolon because the second list item has internal commas. Enter the email you used in your Ragan store purchase. Writing, phrasing, usage (word choice; clarity; subjunctive mood; ethnic-racial; profanity; slang ). Q: How do I deal with a vulgarity from a movie that is integral to the article I'm writing? Use sentence case capitalization Use sentence case capitalization for most content, including page titles, headings, subheadings, buttons, and text links, unless a word is a proper noun. Proven techniques for attention grabbing headlines & titles. The stylebook uses italics for examples only. in English from the University of Rhode Island, an M.A. How to punctuate bullet lists can be tricky because various style guides contradict each other. To help, weve prepared a guide to punctuating and capitalizing bullet points. APA allows the use of bulleted lists with or without punctuation. 28 0 obj
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Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section or a phrase. This is clear, but AP doesnt fully address when to omit a period at the end of each bullet. If you want to, you can press Enter on your keyboard or click the Copy button next to the text box to copy the text to your clipboard. Thanks! Infants are happy to participate in normal household chores, such as cleaning up. The capitalization and punctuation for each bulleted item are determined by the sentence structure.