Notice the ages of seafloor volcanic rocks in Figure 2.6. What are the two variables used to draw the profile chart, and on which axes are they plotted? The seafloor is as old as the continents. ; According to this theory, the intense heat generated by . Several types of evidence supported Hess's theory of sea-floor spreading: eruptions of molten material, magnetic stripes in the rock of the ocean floor, and the ages of the rocks themselves. Seafloor Spreading: Annotated Teacher Edition (Microsoft Word 987kB Oct7 11) Sea Floor Spreading theory. Age of the North Atlantic Ocean basin: _____164 million years_____ years (show formulas for calculations, with units) 622,896,000 cm /(3.8 cm/yr) Seafloor spreading is a geologic process in which tectonic plate s—large slabs of Earth's lithosphere —split apart from each other. The age pattern on the seafloor in the Atlantic Ocean is a reflection pattern , the youngest layer being in the middle and the older layers pushing out on both sides every time . 2. One way geologists recognize the strips of seafloor rock created at, and subsequently moved away from, ridges is by collecting and determining the magnetic properties and ages of rocks from the ocean floor. This discovery allowed another piece of the puzzle about plate tectonics to fall into place. The oldest sections should be the sections on both sides furthest from the middle 4. This assignment is done by pairs of students in class after a short introductory lecture on divergent boundaries. Nov. 5, 2018, 2:07 p.m. An international research team including Princeton's Robert Key has found that human-made carbon dioxide is leading to the dissolution of sediments on the seafloor. In 1960, Harry Hess' hypothesis about seafloor spreading was a key component of the plate tectonics revolution. The mid-ocean atlantic sea-floor spreading activity 2.6 the map of the northers atlantic ocran basin g az) of equal age) of the basaltic e the sediments that have accumulased on the seafloor thse sochuroms were derived by maria scton and her olgues (012) from an analysis of marine magnetic anomalics, and their ages are based on the gromagnetic polariey time … Sea Floor Spreading Worksheet. White represents the youngest seafloor. Therefore, this mechanism requires . Students will make their own models of seafloor spreading and the magnetic strips that occur in the seafloor. Look at the Atlantic Ocean. This activity consists of naming the continents, identifying mid-ocean ridges, and determining the age of the ocean floor. 7. 4. The exercise is based on the "jigsaw" concept, mixing the students to work in different groups during the exercise. Sea-floor spreading (slide 14) The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (slide 15) Sea-floor Exploration and Age Dating (slides 16-19) 3. _____ 6d. The tectonic plates are constantly in motion and new surfaces are always being created. Modeling Sea Floor Spreading Lesson Plan For 6th 8th Grade. In this activity, students will:Color-code a diagram of the seafloor and mid-Atlantic ridge based on the age of the rock.Measure how far each "band" of seafloor is from the ridge. Describe how paleomagnetism is used to calculate the rate of seafloor spreading. Learning Objectives. age from the list. Sonar is a device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves. Your plan is to map the age of the oceanic crust, because each type of tectonic activity leaves a distinctive age pattern on the seafloor. The numbers give the ages in millions of years for the rocks on the ocean floor located along the lines. Modeling sea floor spreading. 4) Calculate the average rate of seafloor movement of the Pacific plate over the Hawai'ian Hot Spot using the radiometric age of the volcanic islands with respect to the distance from the active Hawai'ian Island shown in Recall that rate (R) = distance (d) divided by time (t): ( R = d/t ). Purple represents the oldest seafloor shown with an age range of 20 to 25 Ma. Mid-Ocean Ridge Activity. Seafloor spreading or Seafloor spread is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Mantle convection is the slow, churn ing motion of Earth's mantle. Students will review what they know about plate tectonics and continental drift in a class discussion looking at various maps and the continents they . Mid-Ocean Ridge Activity. Seafloor Spreading Activity Most basalt magmas contain abundant molten iron. The exercise is built around 4 global data maps: 1) Earthquake location and depth, 2) Location of recent volcanic activity, 3) Seafloor Age, and 4) Topography and Bathymetry. This coloring sheet visu. Seafloor spreading and other tectonic activity processes are the result of mantle convection. Long, Lat Spreading Rate. How do you think an age pattern like this forms? This has happened many times throughout Earth's history. 2. End. The CCZ is a part of the Pacific plate and was formed on the western flank of the EPR between the Cretaceous and the Miocene. In this activity, you will observe the pattern and learn to calculate the rate of sea floor spreading. Atoll. Common features of the seafloor and coastline. the age of the seamounts from Hawaii. Examine the map of the ages of the seafloor in the Atlantic Ocean. Their crystals are pulled into alignment by the Earth's magnetic field, just like a compass needle is pulled towards magnetic north. Color the legend on the worksheet with 7 different colors (use a different color for 0-10 Myr, 10-40 Myr, 40-70 Myr, 70-100 Myr, 100-120 Myr, 120- 150 Myr, 150-180 Myr). Students work through the worksheet as it guides them towards more conceptually-difficult questions based on a map of the seafloor ages of the Atlantic Ocean. As you might know, the last of the dinosaurs died about 65 million years ago. Students participate in a jigsaw activity to learn about types of plate boundaries, becoming an expert in one of five global datasets - earthquakes, volcanoes, seafloor age, topography, and gravity - and then sharing their expertise to build connections between the different datasets. This activity consists of naming the continents, identifying mid-ocean ridges, and determining the age of the ocean floor. 1. 7. The Seafloor is flat or shaped like a bowl. Turn the Sea-floor age layer on, by clicking in the checkbox next to its name. Africa and South America used to be joined together in Pangea, but are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean. Something must be happening between these continents to create new seafloor. B. An Expedition To The Seafloor Answer Key. Pre-Lab Questions: What do you think the layout of seafloor ages is? ((Significance of symmetry? This is because the oldest sea floor is subducted under other plates and replaces by new surfaces. 1. In most elements, electrons are paired and each electron of the pair spins in an opposite direction. Answers to the Student Handout questions of the Seafloor Spreading Learning Activity: 5a. Convection current s carry heat from the lower . Where do you think the youngest and oldest seafloor is located? Seafloor Ages - Displaying top 8 worksheets found for this concept.. Volcanic activity associated with subduction zones IS NOT. Areas of seafloor spreading are along a divergent plate boundary because the plates are being pushed apart by the rising magma. Table 7.6. the earths crust. Bill Nye Seafloor Spreading Worksheet. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Divergence and creation of oceanic crust are accompanied by much volcanic activity and by many shallow earthquakes as the crust repeatedly rifts, heals, and rifts again. Ide nt i fyi ng Pl a t e B ounda ri e s , by Al ys s a Abbe y, Mi ke Phi l l i ps , L i a ng Z e ng. A flat region of deep ocean basins. Most new crus t forms at these mid-ocean spreading ridges. What scientists found was that new seafloor has continually been forming over millions of years at the mid-ocean ridges that wind throughout all . In the Atlantic Ocean, the seafloor spreading center is roughly in the middle of the ocean, giving rise to the term Mid-Atlantic or Mid-Ocean Ridge. 11) Approximately how long ago did the Atlantic Ocean begin to form? 2.1. But, movement of molten rock creates the magnetic field in the outer core. Seafloor Spreading. Would you fund this project? Seafloor Magnetism. The two variables are age (in millions of years) and distance (in km). Table 7.6 lists many of the common features of the seafloor and coastline. Sea Floor Spreading Pg 23 29. The predicted time scales for post-impact permeability increases and structural relaxation back to pre-impact values are likely shorter duration (10 3 to 10 5 years) (10, 32) than the 1- to 3-My seafloor age band for which the anomaly is observed and the estimated period of accelerated Deccan eruptions . 3. 2. Once you have labeled each map correctly, you should be able to answer the series of questions that follow the exercise. Seafloor Ages - Lecture Tutorial Solution 1. (2007) who used this distance as a proxy for Cenozoic and Mesozoic seafloor age distributions. To determine the age of the ocean basin, divide the distance in centimeters separating the continental shelves by the rate of sea-floor spreading for the Atlantic Ocean basin. The entire seafloor is the same age. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for each remain¬ ing pair of normal-polarity peaks, 6. Have students pick up materials needed for the activity. Seafloor spreading is a geologic process in which tectonic plate s—large slabs of Earth's lithosphere —split apart from each other. Activity: Sea Floor Spreading Earth Science - Post Module 2 Middle School Page 3 The youngest rock will always be closest to the ridge area and the oldest will be on the outside closest to the continents. 8) Does the pattern of ages match your answer to Question 6? Students are introduced to Google Earth, and then start by exploring the major physiographic features of the continents and seafloor. Summary. B is at the boundary, where new crust is being created. Why? Heavy elements like iron make the journey from the mantle to the crust via volcanic activity. Based on your calculations in Activity 3.7C, what are the ages for the North and South Atlantic; Question: 5. The rocks at A are 20 km from the boundary. 1. This map builds on the Tectonic Plates map by adding seafloor age data. Determine and record die distance and age that line up with the center of peak 1 west. Have students work in groups of four. The Earth is expanding. to Midway island increases from east to west. Seafloor spreading and other tectonic activity processes are the result of mantle convection. Materials: 60 cm long paper strip 1 compass 1 box of markers 1 cardboard box lid 1 bar magnet Meter Stick or ruler 3. Activity 3.7C continued 2. 4. 3. The deepest part of the seafloor is in the middle of the ocean. Along the western border of the North American plate in a dextral transform fault lies the Pacific plate (Nicholson, 1994). The two fracture zones can be traced from ~155°W to ~110°W where a major plate tectonic reorganisation changed the spreading pattern during Chron 5A (~13 Ma) (Atwater 1989).During the time of the formation of the CCZ the Pacific plate saw significant changes in its . A Model of Seafloor Spreading KEY 1. Questions: 1. Seafloor Ages Coloring Activity Description Activity for students by which they learn the symmetry of the ages of the seafloor. Compare your answer of the last question to the answers of other groups. The team is proposing to search a poorly explored area of the floor of the Atlantic Ocean between South America and northern Africa. Have students work in groups of four. The two parts of the oceanic plate are pulled apart, and magnetic stripes become older as they move away from the mid -ocean ridge . Ages for ocean floor between the oldest identified magnetic anomalies and continental crust are interpolated by geological estimates of the ages of passive continental margin segments. What is the age of the seafloor at the Mid Atlantic Ridge? The older rock is close to 400 million years ((Spreading rate between points C and D . Students study the bathymetry of the South Atlantic, use magnetic reversals to interpret marine magnetic anomalies, and calculate the rate of seafloor spreading. Description. Age is listed on the Y axis and distance is listed . Materials: 60 cm long paper strip 1 compass 1 box of markers 1 cardboard box lid 1 bar magnet Meter Stick or ruler 3. About 40 years ago, scientists discovered that there are both age and magnetic patterns in the seafloor. You will move your ship across 100 square kilometers of ocean, drilling a sample from the crust and measuring its age wherever you click on your cursor. When scientists studied the magnetic properties of the 4. In the image below the Sea-floor age layer is both on and active. Description of the activity/assignment. Very little of the sea floor is older than 150 million years. See charts on page 4. Age of oceanic lithosphere; youngest (red) is along spreading centers. B. 8a. Use the ages of the seafloor to support your answer. temperature and chemical analysis . As magma starts to harden into rock, iron-rich minerals solidify first. The diagram on the next page represents a section of the ocean floor in the North Atlantic. Draw ewo blue lincs on the map to show the exsct position of two different transfoem . Evidence for Sea-Floor Spreading. ((Is the age profile roughly symmetrical? The modern seafloor rocks of this region (located at O million years old) are forming along a divergent plate boundary called the Juan de Fuca Ridge. lithosphere is not another term for. The students use the map to measure and calculate the spreading rates at different locations. The figure shows the spreading ridge about 5 million years ago (a), about 2 to 3 million years ago (b) and nowadays (c). The strips of paper represent oceanic crust or seafloor. Seafloor is never destroyed. Seafloor Ages Activity Name _ Materials: Seafloor Ages Worksheet Crayons or Colored 6. Description Approx. The mid-ocean ridge is where the seafloor spreading occurs, in which tectonic plates —large slabs of Earth's lithosphere —split apart . 1. Photo courtesy of Robert Key. Continents float on water. Evidence for Sea-Floor Spreading. Calculate the average distance and age for this pair of peaks. ( Speculate about the effects of tectonic activity on seafloor spreading rates ( Load and explore various grids in GeoMapApp ( Create seafloor age profiles in GeoMapApp. 2. For the distribution of seafloor age at the oldest available reconstruction time, we use the distance of each point within the ocean basins from the nearest mid-ocean ridge as a proxy for seafloor age, following Loyd et al. Ch. Thus the rocks at B are approximately 0 years old. They then use a kmz file, compiled by the author, which includes layers showing seafloor age, locations and depths of 20 years worth of large earthquakes, USGS dynamically updated near-real time earthquakes, volcano locations, "hot-spot" tracks with age dates . Nails home EVIDENCE that the seafloor near the mid-Atlantic ridge is newer than the seafloor near the continents. Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Once you have labeled each map correctly, you should be able to answer the series of questions that follow the exercise. ; The idea that the seafloor itself moves (and carries the continents with it) as it expands from a central axis was proposed by Harry Hess. Every once in a while, the currents in the liquid core, which create the Earth's magnetic field, reverse themselves: it is called a geomagnetic reversal. ((Change in age of seafloor bedrock from the spreading center to coastlines. Age of the North Atlantic Ocean basin: _____164 million years_____ years (show formulas for calculations, with units) 622,896,000 cm /(3.8 cm/yr) Draw a ed line on the map no show the exace location of the divergen plate boundary berween the 2. Abyssal plain. 120 9) Draw a line along the divergent boundary. magnetic stripes on the sea floor are created at. 2. In this activity students will use actual data from historic oceanographic cruises to examine sea floor spreading. The map below shows the ages of wafloor basale (she sceaal floor of the ocean, beneath the moden mud and s) bee 1. Africa and South America used to be joined together in Pangea, but are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean. megaplumes are identified by. Have students pick up materials needed for the activity. The center of Earth is too hot to support an electric field. Divide the distance in centimeters separating the continents obtained in Question 1 by the rate of seamloor spreading for the North Atlantic basin that you calculated in Question 1 in Activity 3.7B. Start . Pacific: distance - x 100.000 cm/km Rate of spreading - cm cmyr km cm cmyr ACTIVITY 3.70 Determining the Ages of Ocean Basins The following procedure will alow you to calculate the age of a portion of the North Atlantic and South Atlantic basins 1. The earth does not get bigger. plates . Alluvial fan. The farther one moves away from the plate boundary (B in Figure 26), the older are the seafloor rocks. The age, spreading rate and asymmetry at each grid node is determined by linear interpolation between adjacent seafloor isochrons in the direction of spreading. I. Calculate the rate of movement in cm per 10) What is the age of the oldest rocks in the Atlantic Ocean? Seafloor Spreading. This activity is part of the On the Cutting Edge Exemplary Teaching Activities collection Summary This activity takes place in a laboratory setting and requires ~1.5-2 hours to complete. Ide nt i fyi ng Pl a t e B ounda ri e s , by Al ys s a Abbe y, Mi ke Phi l l i ps , L i a ng Z e ng. Drilling of the seafloor provides evidence for plate tectonics. Where is the oldest seafloor? Long, Lat Approx. Your answer is the approximate age, in years, of the North Atlantic basin at that location. 1 Section 4: Sea-Floor Spreading Magnetic Reversals Through the Ages How often does Earth's magnetic field reverse itself? Scientists can determine the age of the seafloor by examining the changing magnetic field of our planet. 4) Calculate the average rate of seafloor movement of the Pacific plate over the Hawai'ian Hot Spot using the radiometric age of the volcanic islands with respect to the distance from the active Hawai'ian Island shown in Recall that rate (R) = distance (d) divided by time (t): ( R = d/t ). Using GeoMapApp, students examine the age of the seafloor crust, calculate the rate of seafloor spreading at different locations around the world, and compare the spreading rates within the context of plate tectonics. . Very little of the sea floor is older than 150 million years. Sea-Floor Spreading The longest chain of mountains in the world is the system of mid-ocean ridges. The center slit represents a Mid-Ocean Ridge 2. With increasing carbon dioxide from human activities, more acidic water is reaching the deep sea, dissolving some calcite . Seafloor spreading is a geologic process where there is a gradual addition of new oceanic crust in the ocean floor through a volcanic activity while moving the older rocks away from the mid-oceanic ridge. A broad, sloping deposit of sediments at the mouth of a river or at the foot of a submarine canyon or a river canyon. At the completion of this activity you should be able to: • Plot data on a . 6b. Sea Floor Spreading See Ityou Have Lloorqxeading Study In Class. Repeat this process for peak 1 east of the ridge. They will also model sea floor spreading at a spreading center such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In the mid-1900s, scientists mapped the mid-ocean ridges using sonar. evidence of sea-floor spreading. Students will make their own models of seafloor spreading and the magnetic strips that occur in the seafloor. Seafloor spreading is the process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges where new crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Scientists use the magnetic polarity of the sea floor to determine the age. 5. Note that the youngest seafloor ages are found at the mid-ocean spreading ridges, where new rock is constantly coming up from under the crust to heal the rifts formed as tectonic plates move away from one another. Now you must color the map based on the ages of the rock samples to see the distribution of seafloor ages. spreading centers. Its age range is 0 to 5 Ma. Seafloor spreading is the creation of new seafloor or new oceanic crust 5. To determine the age of the ocean basin, divide the distance in centimeters separating the continental shelves by the rate of sea-floor spreading for the Atlantic Ocean basin. The final map will allow you to explore all of the maps. Work: Location. Click once in the Sea-floor age layer name in the Layer List to make it the active layer. Seafloor age distribution at reconstruction start time. Transform Boundary (San Andreas Fault, J. Tuzo Wilson) (slide 21) Faults (slides 22-24) and Folds (slide 25) Plate movement over Geologic Time (slides 26-29) Creation and change of Landforms (slides 30-33) Standard 8-3.7 In De v e l opme nt f rom E E R 2020 "C re at i ng Inqui r y Labs " Wor k s hop, A ugus t 2020 (Group 15 Pl a t e Te c t s F2F). In this activity, students will calculate rates of seafloor spreading from this kind of data. GeoMapApp Seafloor Spreading Activity. Title: Microsoft Word - LT_SeafloorAges.doc Author: The data is presented on a map that shows different ages of seafloor in this part of the Pacific (the map in the activity is almost identical to the one in the scientific prospectus for our current expedition). Some of the worksheets for this concept are Sea floor spreading, Continental drift and seafloor spreading work, Sea floor spreading activity work, Seafloor spreading and plate tectonics, Continental drift sea floor spreading and plate tectonics, Deep sea life, Magnetic reversals through the ages, Magnetic reversals through . The graph below shows the record geologists have put together for the last 65 million years. This is because the oldest sea floor is subducted under other plates and replaces by new surfaces. In De v e l opme nt f rom E E R 2020 "C re at i ng Inqui r y Labs " Wor k s hop, A ugus t 2020 (Group 15 Pl a t e Te c t s F2F). Begin by examining the data within the Seafloor age Layer Table within My World. Mantle convection is the slow, churn ing motion of Earth's mantle. View Notes - activity-seafloorages (1).pdf from APES 101 at Freedom High School. 3. The age of seafloor rocks varies systematically with distance from the mid ocean ridge. Overview Week 1: Daily Lessons and Activities Details 1. Notice how the oldest crust is on the outside edges and the youngest crust is in the middle of the seafloor. Based on your calculations in Activity 3.7B, what are the rates of seafloor spreading for the following ocean basins? The tectonic plates are constantly in motion and new surfaces are always being created. NOAA • Rocks on ocean floor younger than 200 million years old • Rocks on continents as old as 4,000 million years Rocks of the seafloor are young compared to most rocks on the continents ACTIVITY 2.5 Atlantic Seafloor Spreading A. Seafloor Ages 13) You are reading a proposal requesting money to search for evidence of a crater that caused a mass extinction on Earth 245 million years ago. Revise your answer if necessary. 6c. 5. Their contact is broken by several plates and microplates: Cocos, Rivera, Gorda, Juan de Fuca, and Explorer.Along with the Nazca plate to the west of the South American plate, these plates are what remain on the Earth's surface of the Farallon plate, a section of . Left of Spreading Center (mm/yr) Spreading . The climate-driven rise and fall of sea level during the past million years matches up with valleys and ridges on the seafloor, suggesting ice ages influence underwater volcanic eruptions, two new . … This activity is a kinesthetic activity where students will use logic and evidence to reconstruct the position of large islands and continents as they appeared 220 million years ago. Color the entire section of the map for that rock sample with the color from the legend matching that rock's age. This evidence led scientists to look again at Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift. Scientists use the magnetic polarity of the sea floor to determine the age. 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